Treat every handler as if it might run twice, or arrive out of order. Use stable business identifiers, conditional writes, and upserts to guarantee safe replays. Keep a lightweight deduplication store keyed by event ID and source. When idempotency is normal rather than special, you can reprocess history confidently, rebuild derived views, and recover from glitches without human guesswork or dangerous manual patches.
Transient failures deserve patient retries; bad payloads deserve isolation. Apply exponential backoff with jitter, cap attempts thoughtfully, and route exhausted messages to a dead-letter destination with rich context. Pair that with automated alerts and a simple runbook. This approach prevents thundering herds, protects rate-limited APIs, and ensures a predictable, human-friendly resolution path when rare but inevitable edge cases show up.